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space debris
Space debris, also known as orbital debris, space junk and space waste, is the collection of manmade defunct objects in orbit around Earth - old satellites, spent rocket stages, and fragments from disintegration, erosion and collisions.
about 19,000 debris over are tracked,〔(The Threat of Orbital Debris and Protecting NASA Space Assets from Satellite Collisions (2009) )〕 while ~300,000 pieces over 1 cm exist below (where they're denser than meteoroids),〔 eg dust from solid rocket motors, surface erosion debris (e.g. paint flakes) and frozen coolant from RORSAT nuclear-powered satellites. They cause sandblasting-like damage, especially to solar panels and optics like telescopes or star trackers that can't be covered with a ballistic Whipple shield (unless it's transparent).〔 For comparison, the International Space Station orbits in the range and the 2009 satellite collision and 2007 antisat test occurred at .〔
The ISS has Whipple shielding, however debris over are avoided by maneuvering the spacecraft.
Beyond a critical density, a runaway chain reaction (known as the Kessler syndrome) of collisions creating more fragments rapidly increases the amount of debris, affecting useful polar-orbiting bands, increasing the cost of missions and destroying live satellites. Whether it is already underway is debated.〔Lisa Grossman, ("NASA Considers Shooting Space Junk With Lasers" ), ''wired'', 15 March 2011.〕 The measurement, growth mitigation and potential removal of space debris are conducted by the space industry.
== Characterization ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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